Instructions

Please read each section/question carefully. Answer questions in complete sentences, and if/when you need to cite outside materials, please use footnotes. All work is to be typed, and may be submitted either by email or in class. This assignment is due no later than midnight Thursday July 15th. NO LATE PAPERS ACCEPTED.

Short Answer:

1. When closure of the epiphyseal plate occurs, the cartilage is replaced with bone. What type of ossification is this? Does this occur from the epiphyseal side of the plate of the diaphyseal side?
2. Compare the bones of the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton – name a minimum of 2 similarities and a minimum of 2 differences. [hint: think structure and function]
3. A patient has an infection in the nasal cavity. Name 5 adjacent structures to which the infection could spread.
4. Discuss the similarities of the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
5. Which bone has left an ‘impression’ on you? Explain why it you like this bone. [shape, name, place in body,etc]

One of the defensive tackles was slow to get up after a collision. The athletic trainer noticed a protrusion of several ribs on the left side of his lower anterior chest.
Q1: what specific part of the thoracic cage has been injured?

The coach orders the trainer to ‘wrap’ him up and send him back out to the field. The trainer doesn’t think this is a good idea.
Q2: How should he explain potential ramifications of this? [hint – what secondary injuries could occur if the player is hit again]
Q3: Knowing what part of the skeleton is damaged, would you think this area would heal quickly or slowly? Explain.

Case Study B

A patient is unconscious. Radiographic films reveal that the superior articulating process of the atlas has been fractured.
Q1: What structure does this articulating process normally link to?
Q2: Which of the following could have produced this condition: falling on the top of the head or being hit in the jaw with an uppercut? Explain.
 

Case Study C

A physician glances into his waiting room and notices three women. Miss M is 25 yrs old and is sitting erect in a chair, clutching her hands, with severely deformed fingers and wrists, in her lap. Mrs. T, age 83,is frail and is noticeably hunched in her chair, the result of an excessive vertebral curvature in her thoracic region. Mrs. W is 52 yrs old, and is slowly rubbing her slightly enlarged knees.
Q1: Without glancing at their files, how might the physician remember which patient has osteoporosis, which has rheumatoid arthritis and which is coping with osteoarthritis?
Q2: Discuss how rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are different in their etiology.