Anatomy & Physiology Summer ’05

The Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems

Instructions

Please read each section/question carefully. Answer questions in complete sentences, and if/when you need to cite outside materials, please use footnotes. All work is to be typed, and may be submitted either by email or in class. This assignment is due no later than midnight Tuesday August 16th. NO LATE PAPERS ACCEPTED.

Short Answer:

Define:

angiogenesis
anastomosis

anemia
agglutination
hematocrit - and describe how it is determined
hemostasis

Very cold temperatures can slow the action of cilia in the nasal cavities. Explain why loss of ciliary action can cause a runny nose on a very cold day.

Victorian women wore corsets containing whalebones – that formed a band around their lower chest and waist. These corsets would be laced tightly to create a small waistline. These women frequently fainted. What is the most likely cause of their fainting spells?

How would an obstruction of the airways affect the body's pH?

What is ‘Anatomic Dead Space’, where would it be found?

How do changes in body temperature affect heart rate?

What is erythropoietin? Where is it produced, and what is its function?

What is the difference between blood serum and blood plasma?


What is the relationship between cardiac output and blood pressure?

How do RBCs, WBCs and platelets compare with respect to size, number per microliter of blood and life span?

What is the role of chemoreceptors in the regulation of blood pressure?

Case Study 1

Jed has pneumonia, which has caused in an accumulation of fluid and dead white blood cells in his alveoli.

Q1: Why might this result in lower blood levels of oxygen?
Q2: How would an obstruction of the airways affect the body's pH?

Case Study 2

Maxine has traveled to Greece for the Olympics, and has encountered a country full of smokers!

Q1: How might the typical Greek citizen’s exposure to tobacco smoke affect the cilia in their lungs?

Q2: Why might this explain why tobacco smokers have an increased incidence of respiratory infections?

Case Study 3

Nine-year-old Mike is racing his friends in the pool. They decide to see how far they can swim under water. Mike thinks it’s a good idea to hyperventilate before his turn.

Q1: How do you explain to him that this would not give him an advantage, and might even decrease his ability to make it to the other side of the pool?


  Case Study 4

Harry met Sally in a biology class. During a lab exercise, they determined that Harry’s blood is type AB+, and Sally’s is O-. Their relationship has grown & they are now planning to marry & have children.

Q1: What are the circulatory consequences of their union? Might children be at risk? Explain your answer. .

Q2: Can they donate blood to each other?

Q3: Which blood type is considered to be the universal donor? Universal acceptor?