Because 3
different procedures require a drop or 2 of your blood, read through all
the exercises, and collect all of the blood samples at the same time.
Blood Cells:
Learning
Objectives:
After
completing this exercise, you should be able to:
§prepare
a stained blood slide
§describe
the structure of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
§Identify red blood cells, 5 types of white blood cells and platelets
Directions:
1.Obtain
2 microscope slides.Wash with a
cleaning agent & water, then avoid touching their flat surface.
2.Wash
your hands thoroughly with soap and water.Dry
with a paper towel.
3.Cleanse
the end of your finger with some sterile cotton moistened with 70% alcohol,
and let your finger air dry.
4.Remove
a sterile disposable blood lancet from its package without touching the
sharp end.
5.Puncture
the skin on the tip of your finger with the lancet, and discard the lancet.
6.Place
a drop of blood approx. 2 cm from the end of a clean microscope slide.
7.Use
a second slide to spread the blood across the first slide as demonstrated
in class.
8.Allow
the slide to dry.
9.Examine
the slide with low-power magnification, and locate an area where the blood
cells are well distributed.Observe
these cells, using high-power magnification.
10.Take
the slide and put enough Wright’s stain on the slide to cover the smear,
but don’t overflow the slide.Count
and record the number of drops of stain that you use.
11.After
2 – 3 minutes, add an equal number of drops of distilled water to the stain,
and let the slide stand for 4 minutes.From
time to time, blow gently on the liquid to mix the water and stain.
12.Flood
the slide with distilled water until the blood smear appears light blue.
13.Tilt
the slide to pour off the water [over the sink], and let the slide dry
in the air.
14.Examine
the slide with low-power magnification ad locate an area where the blood
cells are well distributed.
15.Using
a textbook as an aid – identify the various types of blood cells – and
prepare sketches of single blood cells to illustrate each type.
Blood Typing
Learning
Objectives:
After
completing this exercise, you should be able to:
§explain
the basis of ABO blood typing
§determine
the ABO type of a blood sample
§explain
the basis of Rh blood typing
§describe
how the Rh type of a blood ample is determined
Directions for ABO blood typing
1.Obtain
a clean microscope slide and with a wax pencil draw a line down the center
to divide it into right and left halves.Write
anti-A on one side and anti-B on the other.
2.Wash
your hands thoroughly with soap and water.Dry
with a paper towel.
3.Cleanse
the end of your finger with some sterile cotton moistened with 70% alcohol,
and let your finger air-dry.
4.Remove
a sterile disposable blood lancet from its package without touching the
sharp end.
5.Puncture
the skin on the tip of your finger with the lancet, and discard the lancet.
6.Place
a drop of blood on each half of the microscope slide.
7.Add
a drop of anti – A to the blood on the side marked anti – A, and a drop
of anti – b to the blood on the anti-b side. To
prevent contaminating the serum, avoid touching the blood with the serum
while it is in the dropper; instead allow the serum to fall from the dropper
onto the blood.
8.Use
separate toothpicks to stir each sample of serum & blood together &
spread each over an area about as large as a quarter.
9.Place
slide on a piece of paper for contrast and examine the samples for clumping
of blood cells [agglutination]. Use the chart available in lab.
10.record
your results.
Directions for Rh blood typing
1.Obtain
a clean microscope slide
2.Wash
your hands thoroughly with soap and water.Dry
with a paper towel.
3.Cleanse
the end of your finger with some sterile cotton moistened with 70% alcohol,
and let your finger air-dry.
4.Remove
a sterile disposable blood lancet from its package without touching the
sharp end. Puncture the skin on the tip of your finger with the lancet,
and discard the lancet.
5.Place
a drop of blood in the center of the clean microscope slide.
6.Add
a drop of anti-D serum to the blood and mix together with a clean toothpick.
7.Gently
rock the slide back & forth to keep the mixture moving & watch
for clumping of the blood cells. When clumping occurs in anti-d serum,
the clumps are usually smaller than those that appear in anti-a or anti-b
serums, so they may be less obvious. However, if clumping occurs, the blood
is called Rh positive; if no clumping occurs within 2 minutes, the blood
is Rh negative.
8.Record
your results.