Human Anatomy & Physiology

Cardiovascular Assignment

Instructions

Please read each section/question carefully. Answer questions in complete sentences, and if/when you need to cite outside materials, please use footnotes. All work is to be typed, and may be submitted either by email or in class. This assignment is due no later than midnight  Tuesday August 21^st. NO LATE PAPERS ACCEPTED.

Short answer:

define: angiogenesis
define anastomosis
define agglutination
define systolic blood pressure - note where in the cardiac cycle this represents
define hematocrit - and describe how it is determined
define hemostasis
define thrombus - how is it different from an embolis?

The atrioventricular valves have muscles and tendons associated with them. Name and describe the muscles and tendons and how they function to assist the AV valves. 

What are the pectinate muscles and where are they located?

How do changes in body temperature affect heart rate?

What is erythropoietin/? Where is it produced, and what is its function?

what is the difference between blood serum and blood plasma?

what are the heart auricles? Do they have any function?

what is the relationship between cardiac output and blood pressure?

How do RBCs, WBCs and platelets compare with respect to size, number per microliter of blood and life span?

What is the role of chemoreceptors in the regulation of blood pressure?

There are different types of heart surgeries: bypass, open-heart valve, and implantation of an artificial pacemaker. Explain the differences between the conditions that these procedures correct.

Case study 1
Several months ago, Darlene noticed symptoms of fatigue and headaches.   At first she thought it was studying for final exams, but the symptoms persisted, and she also began to have frequent colds, and bouts of chills, fever and sweats.  She finally went to the doctor when she developed several bruises and had bone pain, as well as difficulty clotting after some minor cuts and scrapes.    The doctor took a blood sample and saw that there were far too few RBCs and platelets and too many WBCs.
Q1: What is Darlene's Diagnosis?
Q2: There are two variations of this disorder - identify both and discuss why you believe Darlene has one variation over the other.
Q3: What type of treatment should Darlene begin?

Case study 2

Harry met Sally in a biology class.  During a lab exercise, they determined that Harry’s blood is type AB+, and Sally’s is O-.  Their relationship has grown & they are now planning to marry & have children.

Q1: Can they donate blood to each other?

 Q2: If they have children what blood type[s] would you expect them to have? [hint – need to do a punnett square to figure this out]

Q3: Which blood type is considered to be the universal donor?  Universal acceptor?

Q4: If they do have children, what potential risks do their blood types cause if any?