Prairie Plants that have been added to the Camas Prairies LHG site in Winter of 2006
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 Plants donated by The Nature Conservancy
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These plants were donated to us in the late part of Fall quarter 2006, and were planted over several days during Winter of 2006. Special thanks to Daeg Aerlic Byrne with The Nature Conservancy.
 Prairies LHG Site: after planting and trailwork: Thanks to Dylon for helping us with barking the trail. (Pic by LD from LHG 16.Mar.2007)
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Red Columbine:
Aquilegia formosa
 Red Columbine: Aquilegia formosa: The leaves of this plant look vaguely similar to Buttercup (Ranunculus sp), but are more round lobed and less divided, and do not have white spots like the poisonous Ranunculus repens. (Pic by LD)
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Common Name(s)
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Red Columbine, Western columbine
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Scientific Name
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Aquilegia Formosa
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Synonyms
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Aquilegia columbiana, Aquilegia truncata, Aquilegia wawawensis.
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Family Name
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Native Names
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Chehalis: ya′ri′siyans, “its good on your teeth”
Cowlitz: t’u′mts
Green River: tsu’dbsmus -or- tsi,sa,is
Quileute: k’li′lixlik “to make a scar” -or-
pē’itcabixa’a “red flowers”
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Form
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herbaceous perrenial to 1.3m tall from tap root, alternately divides a little, quite leggy, mostly hairles except near inflorescence.
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Leaves
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Deeply lobed or divided leaves, vaguely similar to ranunculus. Twice pinnate in 3’s, hairless to hairy abov, gloucous and paler below.
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Flowers
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Red and yellow drooping flowers with 5 red spur-like petals that are yellow inside and underneath,usually 2-5 flowers, sometimes more when conditions are favorable.
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Blooms
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Apr-Aug
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Fruits
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Pea-like pods with spreading tips and black wrinkled sees that spill out if you touch the plant when ripe.
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Ecology
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Moist woods and streamsides low to mid-elevations
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Range
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Alaska to Baja CA, W. Coast to Rockies.
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Outside of our area, this species has been used for “diarrhea, dizziness, aching joints and possibly venereal disease” (Pojar)
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Other Uses
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Milky pulp scraped from roots and used on sores to form a scar.
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Other Info
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Sources
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Pojar, Niehaus
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White-top Aster:
Aster curtus
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Common Name(s)
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White-top aster
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Scientific Name
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Aster curtus
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Asteraceae
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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A. chilensis, A. oregeonensis
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Form
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Herbaceous perrenial, mostly unbranched, found in colonies of 50-200, spreading rhizomatously, flowering stems 12-25 cm tall
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Leaves
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Small, lanceshaped entire leaves
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Flowers
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White, very un-aster looking, as the petals are fewer than other asters
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Blooms
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Rare, prairies and meadows
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Range
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Puget sound area south into Oregon
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Listing: WA Sensitive, USFWS Species of Concern
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Sources
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DNR, Pojar,
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Harsh Paintbrush, Bristly Paintbrush
Castilleja hispida
(Castilleja hispida: red form)
 (Castilleja hispida: yellow form)
 (Journal entry by Laura Donohue)
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Common Name(s)
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Harsh Paintbrush, Bristly Paintbrush |
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Scientific Name
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Castileja hispida
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Scrophulariaceae (Snapdragon or Figwort)
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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C. miniata, C. rupicola
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Form
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20-60cm tall herbaceous perrenial from woody stem-base. Plant hairy and usually not branched
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Leaves
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Lanceolate shaped with 1-2 paired lateral lobes
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Flowers
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Usually hidden by showy bracts. Inflorescence terminal to stem but color may be mostly contributed to by bracts.
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Blooms
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Apr-Aug
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Fruits
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2-chambered capsules, many seeds
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Ecology
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Grassy meadows, dry prairies, forest clearings and edges from low to middle elevations
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Range
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southern BC to Northern Oregon
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Pojar, Niehaus |
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Farewell-to-Spring:
Clarkia amoena
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Common Name(s)
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Farewell-to-spring, Herald-of-summer, Summer’s darling
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Scientific Name
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Clarkia amoena
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Onagraceae (Evening Primrose)
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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Form
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Annual from taproot, 10-100 cm tall, spreading to erect stems, unbranched or freely branching,
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Leaves
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Linear to lanceshaped, entire margin 2-7cm long
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Flowers
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Leaf buds erect, bursting from one side and bending back whole, 4 petals, bright pink to lavender with red splotches in center of petals, rest of petals lightening towards the center
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Blooms
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June-August
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Fruits
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Hairy pods, seeds rough and hairy
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Ecology
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Fairly dry, coastal to mid elevation, Coastal bluffs, prairies, meadows, forest edges.
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Range
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Extreme south BC west of Cascades south into N. California
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Named after Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (deadwhiteguy)
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Sources
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Pojar, Niehaus, Lyons
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Common harebell
Companula rotundifolia
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Common Name(s)
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Common harebell, Bluebells-of-scotland
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Scientific Name
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Companula rotundifolia
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Native Names
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Known as “Blue rain flowers” in Haida, children were warned not to pick them or it would rain
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Similar Species
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C. lasiocarpa, C. piperi, C. latisepala
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Form
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10 to 80 cm tall, branched or unbranched, on to many flower stalks in clump
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Leaves
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Basal leaves heart shaped or oblong, usually withering before flowering, stem leaves linear and entire to irregularly toothed
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Flowers
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5 petaled beautiful bells, nodding 1.5-3 cm long
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Blooms
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June-August
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Fruits
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Nodding capsules that are porous, letting loose flattish seeds
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Ecology
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Sea level sometimes up to subablpine, grassy meadows, rocky areas, slopes, canyons, forest edges
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Range
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SE Alaska, south through Oregon and N. CA
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Pojar, Lyons
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California Oat-grass:
Danthonia californica
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Common Name(s)
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California Oat-grass
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Scientific Name
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Danthonia californica
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Poaceae, Avenae tribe (Oat tribe)
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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D. intermedia, D. spicata
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Form
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Densely tufted grass, 5-60 cm tall
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Leaves
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Hairy leaf sheaths, spreading panicle branches (flower spike that flowers from bottom up)
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Flowers
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2-5 cm long, purple panicle, dense, tufted, usually large spikelets, few
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Blooms
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Rocky or sandy meadows or slopes, coastal to high elevations
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Range
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SW BC south
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Named after Etienne Danthione, a French 19th century botanist (deadwhiteguy)
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Sources
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Pojar
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Showy Fleabane:
Erigeron speciosus
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Common Name(s)
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Showy Fleabane, Large purple Fleabane
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Scientific Name
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Erigeron speciosus
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Asteraceae
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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E. philadelphicus
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Form
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To 75 cm tall, may be branched near top, leggy bienniel or short-lived perrenial
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Leaves
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Entire, linear, all the way up stem, getting only gradually smaller at top
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Flowers
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Large composite blooms with up to 100 very narrow ray flowers, to 5cm across,
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Blooms
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May to September
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Low to moderate elevations, open meadows
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Range
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Mostly Western Washington , but also on east side of Cascades
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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David Douglass collected seed that was grown in Britain
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Sources
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Lyons, Pojar
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Oregon Wolly-Sunshine:
Eriophylum lanatum
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Common Name(s)
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Oregon Woolly-sunshine, Woolly Sunflower, Woolly Eriophyllum |
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Scientific Name
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Eriophyllum lanatum |
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Asteraceae (Sunflower) |
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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Lasthenia maritima |
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Form
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25-60cm tall herbaceous perrenial herb, clustered to many stems, silver/woolly, thin flowers seem suspended over dense vegetative mass when plant colonies are thick. |
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Leaves
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Lobed, silver/woolly, alternate or opposite, linear on higher part of plant, pinnate near base. |
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Flowers
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Many single small yellow disc flowers only, 2-3cm across |
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Blooms
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May-Aug |
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Fruits
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Club shaped-achenes, 5-8mm long |
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Ecology
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Low to high (3,500m) elevations, dry places, very common |
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Range
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Pacific States |
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Pacific States |
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White Faun Lily:
Erythronium oregonum
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Common Name(s)
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White Fawn Lily, Oregon Fawn Lily, Easter Lily
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Scientific Name
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Erythronium oregonum
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Liliaceae
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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E. grandiflorum, E. montanum
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Form
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Herbaceous perrenial to 30cm tall from annually segmented corm
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Leaves
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Basal, twin, sometimes pale green, but most often green with mottled lighter green and darker brown, entire lanceolate to olong, smooth
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Flowers
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5 petaled lily flowers, white to pink petals, sometimes yellowish at the base, and brownish on the outside base, nodding flowers with petals that bend backwards (up).
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Blooms
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April-May
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Fruits
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Base-ball shaped rect capsules, notched at the tip
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Ecology
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Grassy meadows and forest openings, rocky and and sandy soils, low elevations
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Range
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Puget Sound south along west side down through Oregon into NW CA
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Segmented corms usually 10cm below growd
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Sources
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Lyons, Pojar, Niehaus
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Idahoe Fescue
Festuca idahoensis ssp. roemeri and ssp. idahoensis
 (Festuca idahoensis)
 Festuca idahoensis ssp. roemeri
 Idahoe Fescue: Festuca idahoensis: (Pic by JC from LHG 14.Mar.2007)
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Common Name(s)
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Idaho Fescue
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Scientific Name
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Festuca idahoensis ssp roemeri, Festuca idahoensis ssp idahoensis
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Poaceae (Grass), Festuceae tribe (Fescue)
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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F. occidentalis
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Form
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Tuffed perrenial grass, clumping
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Leaves
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Very narrow blades, F. idahoensis ssp idahoensis smooth when rubbed towards base of mature (tuft at least 2 seasons old) plant, F. idahoensis ssp roemeri jagged or rough when rubbed towards base of mature plant
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Flowers
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Tight thin panicles, 5-7.5cm long
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Blooms
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Open meadows, glacial outwash prairies, shrubb-steppe
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Range
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East and West of the Cascades, range north/south unknown
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Wild Strawberry:
Fragaria virginiana
 Fragaria virginiana
 Wild Strawberry: Fragaria virginiana: (Pic by JC from LHG 14.Mar.2007)
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Common Name(s)
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Wild Strawberry
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Scientific Name
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Fragaria virginiana
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Rosaceae
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Native Names
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Cowlitz: suspana′s, plant; suspa′n, berry
Swinomish: tcī′’ox
Puyallup-Nisqually: t;elαqu
Skokomish: t!a;qwē
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Form
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Herbaceous perrenial with creeping stems that root at contact with the ground.
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Similar species
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Fragaria vesca, Fragaria chiloensis
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Leaves
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3 lobed and crennate, palmately veined, often bluish green above, terminal teeth smaller and narrower than neighbors
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Flowers
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White, five-petaled, many yellow stamens in middle of saucer-shaped flower
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Blooms
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Mar-Aug
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Fruits
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Heart shaped red berries with small teardrop shaped seeds on the outside,
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Ecology
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Open woods, fields, and prairies from low to mid elevations
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Range
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Pacific states
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Edible Uses
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Berries edible and delicious, but often eaten by wildlife as soon as ripe. Pick the day they ripen.
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Medicinal Uses
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Astringent like other rose family members, dried leaves and stems good also for isotonic eye wash, douches and enemas
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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As a part of the coastal meadow culturally tended landscape, areas would have been burned, tilled, weeded selectively harvested, and owned to maximize effective of this and other favored plants
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Sources
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Pojar, Niehaus, Moore, Turner 2005
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Prairie Junegrass:
Koeleria macrantha
 Prairie Junegrass: Koeleria macrantha
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Common Name(s)
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Prairie Junegrass, Junegrass
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Scientific Name
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Koeleria macrantha
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Poaceae (Grass)
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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K. pyrimidata
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Form
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Perrenial tufted grass
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Leaves
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Flowers
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Blooms
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Open meadows,
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Range
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US wide
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Edible Uses
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Seeds can be ground and used as hot cereal or as flour
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Medicinal Uses
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Has been used for treating lacerations
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Other Uses
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The leaf blades have been used for brooms and paintbrushes, and for strengthening mixtures to make adobe walls with
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Other Info
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Sources
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PFAF
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Narrow-leaved Desert Parsley
Lomatium triternatum
 Lomatium triternatum
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Common Name(s)
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Spring-Gold, Fine-Leaved Desert-Parsley
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Scientific Name
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Lomatium utriculatum
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Apiaceae (Carrot)
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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L. triternatum, L. dissectum
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Form
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10-60cm tall herbaceous perrenial from slender taproot, flower stalk not divided,
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Leaves
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Finely feathery leaves, some basal, but most higher up on the stem. Leaves branching from stem similarly to Fennel: with an inflated and sheathing leaf stalk. Leaflets shorter and fernier than L. triternatum.
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Flowers
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Round umbell shaped yellow flowers
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Blooms
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Feb-June (Among the earliest: I did not see it flowering in Feb, though-LD)
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Fruits
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Narrow oval shaped with wider rings, width of wings 2/3 of length of seed.
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Ecology
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Rocky soil, grassy slopes, dry, open areas, low elevations.
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Range
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West side ofCascades, S. BC to Cen. CA
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Edible Uses
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This species may have provided First Peoples of Southern Vancouver Island with "wild carrots" or edible taproots.
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Medicinal Uses
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Many medicinal uses of Lomatium sp: respiratory viruses, tincture for skin infections and for sore throat
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Prominent early spring color of glacial outwash prairies of W. WA
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Sources
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Pojar, Lyons, Niehaus, Moore
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Lomatium utriculatum
 Lomatium utriculatum
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Common Name(s)
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Early-blue Violet
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Scientific Name
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Viola adunca
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Violaceae
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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V. proforma
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Form
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To 15 cm tall, perrenial, short to long, slender rhizomes, usually stalkless early the season developing stem as long as 10 cm.
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Leaves
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Oval-shaped to heart shaped, renulate leaf margin, hairy to hairless.
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Flowers
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To 1.5cm long, 5 petals, deep blue to purple, bottom 3 petals purple and white striated with white base, top two angling back, darker and white bearded spurs half as long as lowest petal, 2 bracts at base of flowering stalk
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Blooms
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April-August
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Fruits
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Ripe melon shaped 3-chambered pods that become erect and split open when ripe with brown round numerous seeds
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Ecology
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Tolerant of sea spray, open areas, coastal sand dunes, to alpine areas
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Range
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Pacific States, very common
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Edible Uses
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All violet leaves are edible and can be used in salads, ad potherbs or in tea. They are hight in vitamin C and quite tasty
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Medicinal Uses
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Leaves and roots have been eaten by Makah women during childbirth, and the leaves are full of vitamin C
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Pojar, Gunther, Niehaus, Lyons
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Pine Lupine:
Lupinus albicaulis
 Lupinis albicaulis
 Pine Lupine: Lupinus albicaulis: (Pic by LD from LHG 16.Mar.2007)
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Common Name(s)
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Pine Lupine
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Scientific Name
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Lupinus albicaulis
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Fabaceae
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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Lupinus nootkatensis
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Form
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35-100cm tall, herbaceous perrenial from thick taproot, fuzzy,
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Leaves
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Palmately divided 5-9 leaflets, fuzzy, alternate,
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Flowers
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Pea flowers on spike that are not arranged in whorles, banner pettal with yellow spot in middle, rest of flower whitish to purple.
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Blooms
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May-Aug
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Fruits
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Pea pods that explode shooting 2-12 black seeds.
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Ecology
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Open slopes, Prairies
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Range
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West side of Cascades and Sierra Nevadas
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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In propagation, L. albicaulis is trickier to plant in tubes, or transplant from tubes than L. lepidus, and we have had problems at Shotwell’s Landing nursery with this plant going into dormancy and not returning. However, it has higher success than L. lepidus with being able to sow into plots, gather seed from the plots, and direct sow in enhancement plantings on the S. WA prairies.
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Sources
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Niehaus
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Prairie Lupine:
Lupinus lepidus
 Lupinis lepidus
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Common Name(s)
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Prairie Lupine, Elegant lupine
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Scientific Name
|
Lupinus lepidus
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Synonyms
|
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Family Name
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Fabaceae
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Native Names
|
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Similar species
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Lupinus albicaulis, Lupinus nootkatensis,
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Form
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Short herbaceaous perrenial from taproot, alternate, hairy, 5-45 cm tall
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Leaves
|
Palmate, 5-9 leaflets, fuzzy-hairy,
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Flowers
|
Distinct whorls, in deep blue, pea flowers, top or “banner” pettal has a large white area in the middle of the blue
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Blooms
|
June-Sept
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Fruits
|
Pea pods that burst with black seeds.
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Ecology
|
Prairies, open fields, alpine flats,
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Range
|
Southern BC to N California
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Edible Uses
|
None known, other species of Lupine known to contain toxic alkaloids, do not eat
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Niehaus, Pojar, Lyons
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Cutleaf Microseris:
Microseris lanciniatus
 Cutleaf Microseris: Microseris laciniatus: (Pic by LD from LHG on 16.Mar.2007)
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Common Name(s)
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Cutleaf Microseris
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Scientific Name
|
Microseris laciniatus
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Synonyms
|
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Family Name
|
Asteraceae (Aster)
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Native Names
|
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Similar Species
|
M. borealis, M. bigelovii
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Form
|
30-90cm herbaceoius perenial, branching, several flower heads,
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|
Leaves
|
Lanceolate to linear leaves, smooth, with several pairs of lateral lobes
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Flowers
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Dandelion like flowers, with auwned or bristle-tipped leaf scales
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Blooms
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May-July
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Dry meadows, Glacial outwash prairies, rocky soils. |
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Range
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WA to Cen CA,
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Pojar, Niehaus, Lyons
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Sea Blush:
Plectritis congesta
 Plectritis congesta
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Common Name(s)
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Sea Blush
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Scientific Name
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Plectritis congesta
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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Plectritis macrocera, Armeria meritima
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Form
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Annual, erect stem, 10-60cm tall, leafy stems
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Leaves
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Stalkless and oval shaped higher, short stalked and spoon shaped lower
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Flowers
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Tightly clustered pink flowers, looks like clover
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Blooms
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April-May
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Fruits
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Winged, falling out without opening,
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Ecology
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Seasonally wet meadows, grassy areas, rocky or gravelly soils,
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Range
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S BC down through NW California
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Lyons, Niehause, Pojar
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Fivefinger cinquefoil:
Potentilla gracilis
Potentilla gracilis
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Common Name(s)
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Fivefinger cinquefoil
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Scientific Name
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Potentilla gracilis var. gracilis
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Rosaceae
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Native Names
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Form
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Perrenial herb, with creeping stems, like strawberry, alternate,
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Leaves
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Leaves vaguely similar to Ranunculus sp. when young. Roughtly oblong-eliptic divided leaves, crenate to dissected, palmately divided, hairless and bright green above, silverish/hairy below
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Flowers
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Yellow, five heart-shaped petals, saucer to disc-shaped
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Blooms
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June-august
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Mostly coastal, many habitats, the only species west of the Cascades
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Range
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BC to Oregon, west of the Cascades
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Western Buttercup:
Ranunculus occidentalis
 Ranunculus occidentalis
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Common Name(s)
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Western Buttercup
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Scientific Name
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Ranunculus occidentalis
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Ranunculaceae (Buttercup)
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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R. repens, R. orthorhynchus
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Form
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15-60cm tall, leggy herbaceous perrenial from fibrous roots, spreading, usually hairy,
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Leaves
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Sead heads longitudinal, with curved-teardrop shaped seeds curling outward, attatch easily to surfaces
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Flowers
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1-2.5cm wide, 5-8 petals, thin and iridescent yellow, terminal on long flower stalks.
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Blooms
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Apr.-Jun.
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Fruits
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Tear-drop shaped seeds that are exposed, pointing out in all directions, with a curved end. Seeds fall off and attach to surfaces/creatures easily when ripe.
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Ecology
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Moist soils, grassy slopes, coastal bluffs and seabird islands, forest clearings, open forests, sea-level to subalpine |
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Range
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Alaska south to Cen. CA, West side of Cascades
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Edible Uses
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Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Pojar, Niehaus, Lyons
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Prairie Goldenrod:
Solidago missouriensis
 Solidago missouriensis
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Common Name(s)
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Prairie Goldenrod
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Scientific Name
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Solidago missouriensis
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Asteraceae (Aster)
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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Form
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Perrenial to 1.2 m tall
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Leaves
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Linear to lanceshaped leaves, serratednear tip of leaf, alternate
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Flowers
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Spike of bright yellow flowers in large triangle, hermaphrodite, polinated by insects, attracts beneficial insects and wildlife
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Blooms
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July-Sept
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Many soils, prairies, open areas, rocky areas, slopes
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Range
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Western North America
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Edible Uses
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Young new leaves edible raw or cooked
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Medicinal Uses
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Infusion of dried powdered herb is antiseptic
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Other Uses
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As a dye, mustard-orange-brown range from entire plant
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Other Info
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Sources
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PFAF
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Coast Goldenrod:
Solidago spathulata
 Solidago spathulata
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Common Name(s)
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Coast Goldenrod
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Scientific Name
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Solidago spathulata
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Asteraceae
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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S. canadensis
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Form
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To 40cm tall, erect stem, perrenial
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Leaves
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Linear, small, smooth margin, serrated near tip of leaf, alternate
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Flowers
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Erect spike of dense small yellow flowers, flowers hermaphroditic, pollinated by insects, attract wildlife
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Blooms
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June-September,
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Fruits
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Ecology
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Tolerant of sea spray, open areas, coastal sand dunes, to alpine areas
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Range
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Washington down to N. California
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Edible Uses
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Seeds used as thickener in soups, but so small might not be worth collecting, leaves edible cooked,
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Medicinal Uses
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Flowering stems hemostatic, antiseptic, and salve, leaves antiseptic, dried powdered leaves can be used with oil in a poultice for mumps
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Other Uses
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Dye: mustard-orange-brown color scheme
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Other Info
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Sources
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PFAF, Lyons
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Early-blue Violet:
Viola adunca
 Viola adunca
 Early-blue Violet: Viola adunca: This is a very important plant for endangered butterflies, and many different animals of the Glacial Outwash Puget Prairies. (Pic by LD)
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Common Name(s)
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Early-blue Violet
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Scientific Name
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Viola adunca
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Synonyms
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Family Name
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Violaceae
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Native Names
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Similar Species
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V. proforma
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Form
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To 15 cm tall, perrenial, short to long, slender rhizomes, usually stalkless early the season developing stem as long as 10 cm.
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Leaves
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Oval-shaped to heart shaped, renulate leaf margin, hairy to hairless.
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Flowers
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To 1.5cm long, 5 petals, deep blue to purple, bottom 3 petals purple and white striated with white base, top two angling back, darker and white bearded spurs half as long as lowest petal, 2 bracts at base of flowering stalk
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Blooms
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April-August
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Fruits
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Ripe melon shaped 3-chambered pods that become erect and split open when ripe with brown round numerous seeds
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Ecology
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Tolerant of sea spray, open areas, coastal sand dunes, to alpine areas
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Range
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Pacific States, very common
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Edible Uses
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All violet leaves are edible and can be used in salads, ad potherbs or in tea. They are hight in vitamin C and quite tasty
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Medicinal Uses
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Leaves and roots have been eaten by Makah women during childbirth, and the leaves are full of vitamin C
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Other Uses
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Other Info
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Sources
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Pojar, Gunther, Niehaus, Lyons
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