Readings:

• Bickerton, chapt. 12, 13

Linguistic Concepts:

Borrowings into English [1]

Africa

(1) Afrikaans: aardvark, aardwolf, apartheid, Boer, commandeer, commando, dorp, kop, kopje/koppie, laager, outspan, puff-adder, spoor, springbok, trek, wildebeest.

(2) Bantu languages, including Kongo, Swahili, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu: boma, bwana, chimpanzee, impala, impi, indaba, mamba, marimba, tsetse, uhuru, zombie.

(3) West African languages, including Ewe, Fanti, Hausa, Mandingo, mainly through the Atlantic creoles: anansi, gumbo, harmattan, juju, juke(box), mumbo-jumbo, okra, voodoo, yam; perhaps banjo, jazz.

(4) Malagasy: raffia.

(5) Khoisan languages: gnu, karoo, quagga.

Check out the Language Policy [2] website.

The Linguists