Milliken v. Bradley
(1974) and (1977)

Details:

When a city district was found to be de jure segregated while surrounding suburban districts were not, a Detroit district court imposed an interdistrict integration solution. In order to create racial balance, the district court attempted to redraw district attendance boundaries. The Supreme Court reversed and remanded the decision because the suburban districts had not been shown to have violated the Equal Protection Clause themselves. In reviewing the district court's next plan three years later, which involved many mandated educational components to address issues resulting from legal desegregation, but no plans for actively creating racial balance, the Supreme Court approved the plan.