Politics and Fish Movement Annotated Bibliography
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[edit] General
Recreational fishing is big business, generating more than $125 billion in economic output and more than one million American jobs. If sportfishing were a corporation, it would rank above Bank of America or IBM on the Fortune 500 list of largest American companies. The economic contributions of recreational fishing have grown steadily over the last several decades.
This section quantifies the dollars spent by anglers and the resulting economic impacts. Details are provided for freshwater fishing, Great Lakes fishing and saltwater fishing and also by state. In this section are indices reporting recent and historical tackle sales and import trends.
http://www.asafishing.org/asa/statistics/saleco_trends/
Economic Impact of Sportfishing by State, All Types of Fishing in 2006. This site shows state by state how much sportfishing generates.
http://www.asafishing.org/asa/statistics/saleco_trends/2006ei_all_state.html
Montgomery traces the human impacts on salmon over the last thousand years and examines the implications both for salmon recovery efforts and for the more general problem of human impacts on the natural world. What does it say for the long-term prospects of the world’s many endangered species if one of the most prosperous regions of the richest country on earth cannot accommodate its icon species?
King of Fish: The Thousand-Year Run of Salmon David R. Montgomery Westview Press, 2003 ISBN 0-8133-4147-7
Jim Lichatowich exposes the myths that have guided recent human-salmon interactions and clearly explains the difficult choices facing the citizens of the region. He argues that the dominate worldview of our society-a world view that denies connections between humans and the natural world-has created the conflict and controversy that characterize the history of salmon management and recovery. This is a factual work well researched and documented and it is the effort of a man who has been in the fishery management profession that brings insight and understanding to the reader.
Salmon Without Rivers: A History of the Pacific Salmon Crisis Jim Lichatowich Island Press, 1999 ISBN 1-55963-360-3
[edit] Hatcheries
There are not direct empirical data regarding the question whether hatcheries can contribute to long-term sustainability of salmon populations and ESUs. ...empirical and theoretical considerations indicate that domestication associated with hatchery propagation can lead to a situation in which a natural population becomes unable to sustain itself in the wild without continual supplementation with hatchery fish. ...we believe the only way to ensure the persistence of salmon in the long-term (centuries) is to conserve natural populations and natural ecosystems. For nine years that it was in effect, the Interim (hatchery) Policy therefore put the focus of listing and recovery decisions entirely on natural populations...the interim policy and its application recognized three important biological facts about hatcheries: 1) under NOAA Fisheries’ definition of an Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) some hatchery and natural populations can be part of the same biological ESU, 2) hatcheries can in some cases be used to help conserve natural populations, at least in the short term, and 3) many existing hatchery populations, whether they are biologically part of an ESU or not, are unlikely to be useful for conservation and may even hinder recovery of natural populations.
Varanasi, Usha. 2004. Review of proposed hatchery listing policy. Memorandum to D. Robert Lohn, Regional Administrator, NW Region, National Marine Fisheries Service from Science Director, NW Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service.
Hatchery steelhead spawning in the wild had markedly lower reproductive success than native wild steelhead. Wild females that spawned in 1996 produced 9 times as many adult offspring per capita as did hatchery females that spawned in the wild. Wild females that spawned in 1997 produced 42 times as many adult offspring as hatchery females. The wild steelhead population more than met replacement requirements (approximately 3.7-6.7 adult offspring were produced per female), but the hatchery steelhead were far below replacement requirements (<0.5 adults per female).
McLean, Jennifer E., Paul Bentzen, and Thomas P. Quinn. 2003. Differential reproductive success of sympatric, naturally spawning hatchery and wild steelhead trout through the adult stage. Can. J. Aquat. Sci. 60: 433-440.
Juvenile phenotypes and fitness as indicated by survival were compared for naturally produced steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a new local hatchery stock, and an old nonlocal hatchery stock on the Hood River, Oregon, U.S.A. Although the new hatchery stock and the naturally produced fish came from the same parent gene pool, they differed significantly at every phenotype measured except saltwater age. The characteristics of the new hatchery stock were similar to those of the old hatchery stock. Most of the phenotypic differences were probably environmentally caused. Although such character changes would not be inherited, they may influence the relative fitness of the hatchery and natural fish when they are in the same environment, as selection responds to phenotypic distributions. A difference in fitness between the new hatchery stock and naturally produced fish was indicated by significant survival differences. Acclimation of the new hatchery stock in a “seminatural” pond before release was associated with a further decrease in relative smolt-to-adult survival with little increase in phenotypic similarity between the natural and hatchery fish. These results suggest that modified selection begins immediately in the first generation of a new hatchery stock and may provide a mechanism for genetic change. The processes indicated by these results can be expected to lead to eventual genetic divergence between the new hatchery stock and its wild source population, thus limiting the usefulness of the stock for conservation purposes to only the first few generations.
Kostow, Kathryn, E. 2004. Differences in juvenile phenotypes and survival between hatchery stocks and a natural population provide evidence for modified selection due to captive breeding. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61: 577-589
In July 2007, the Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG) completed its review of hatchery programs in the lower Columbia River. Their preliminary findings for Chinook and coho programs are posted below. Reports for steelhead, and chum programs will be posted as they are completed.
As the HSRG completes reviews of the mid and upper Columbia regions the draft reports and findings will be updated according to the cumulative analysis and reviews.
The key challenge for the managers is to meet conservation goals for natural populations while simultaneously taking steps to meet harvest goals. The HSRG draft reports suggest an approach to meeting this challenge.
The HSRG also concludes that hatchery and harvest reforms alone will not achieve recovery of listed populations; habitat improvements are also necessary. The effectiveness of habitat actions will be greatly increased if combined with hatchery and harvest reforms. The analysis of the lower Columbia Chinook ESU suggests that the benefits of habitat quality improvements would double if combined with hatchery reforms. Unless hatchery and harvest reforms are implemented , the potential benefits of current or improved habitat cannot be fully realized.
http://www.hatcheryreform.us/prod/site/alias__default/regional_reviews_columbia_river_columbia_river_review/342/columbia_river_review.aspx
[edit] Columbia River
This is the Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife site: Fish Division. It shows all the catch reports for gillnetting in the Coulmbia River.
http://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/OSCRP/CRM/comm_fishery_updates.asp
Compilation of Information on Salmon and Steelhead Losses in the Columbia River Basin from the Northwest Power and Conservation, it has good history about the Columbia river. It could be bias coming from a power company.
http://www.nwcouncil.org/library/1986/Compilation.htm
