Garrett v. Board of Education of the School District of the City of Detroit (1991)

Details:

Three all-male academies were to be set up, offering special programs such as an afrocentric curriculum, future-focused lessons, emphasis on male responsibility, mentors, Saturday classes, counseling, and extended classroom hours, with the goal of addressing high unemployment, dropout, and homicides among urban males. The Supreme Court found that the plan violated Title IX because the academies used "male" as a basis for "at-risk" labelling and could open the communities as mixed-gender schools with no detriment to program goals.