ALTERNATIVE KNOWLEDGE CLAIMS POSITIONS
POSTPOSITIVISM
  • Determination
  • Reductionism
  • Empirical observation and measurement
  • Theory verification
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
  • Understanding
  • Multiple participant meanings
  • Social and historical construction
  • Theory generation
ADVOCACY/PARTICIPATORY
  • Political
  • Empowerment issue-oriented
  • Collaborative
  • Change-oriented
 PRAGMATISM
  • Consequence of actions
  • Problem-centered
  • Pluralistic
  • Real-world practice oriented

 

3 questions to frameIresearch is/notI quantitativeIqualitativeIabstractingIknowledge claimsI asumptions

sources of internal validityI criteria for critiqueI