Weak Forms of Education for
Bilingualism
|
|
Type
of Program
|
Typical
Type of Child
|
Language
of the Classroom
|
Societal
and Educational Aim
|
Aim
in Language Outcome
|
|
Submersion
(Structured
Immersion)
|
Language
Minority
|
Majority
Language
|
Assimilation
|
Monolingualism
|
|
Submersion
with Withdrawal Classes
|
Language
Minority
|
Majority
Language with “Pull-Out” L2 lessons
|
Assimilation
|
Monolingualism
|
|
Segregationist
|
Language
Minority
|
Minority
Language (forced , no choice)
|
Apartheid
|
Monolingualism
|
|
Transitional
|
Language
Minority
|
Moves
from Minority to Majority Language
|
Assimilation
|
Relative
Monolingualism
|
|
Mainstream
with Foreign Language Teaching
|
Language
Majority
|
Majority
language with L2/FL Lessons
|
Limited
Enrichment
|
Limited
Bilingualism
|
|
Separatist
|
Language
Minority
|
Minority
Language (out of choice)
|
Detachment/
Autonomy
|
Limited
Bilingualism
|
Strong Forms of Education for Bilingualism
and Biliteracy
|
|
Type
of Program
|
Typical
Type of Child
|
Language
of the Classroom
|
Societal
and Educational Aim
|
Aim
in Language Outcome
|
|
Immersion
|
Language
Majority
|
Bilingual
with Emphasis on L2
|
Pluralism
and Enrichment
|
Bilingualism
and Biliteracy
|
|
Maintenance/
Heritage
Langauge
|
Language
Minority
|
Bilingual
with emphasis on L1
|
Maintenance,
Pluralism and Enrichment
|
Bilingualism
and Biliteracy
|
|
Two-Way/Dual
Language
|
Mixed
Language Minority & Majority
|
Minority
and Majority
|
Maintenance,
Pluralism and Enrichment
|
Bilingualism
and Biliteracy
|
|
Bilingual
Education in Majority Langauges
|
Language
Majority
|
Two
Majority Languages
|
Maintenance,
Pluralism and Enrichment
|
Bilingualism
and Biliteracy
|
|
Notes:
(1) L2 = Second Language; L1 = First Language; FL = Foreign
Langauge
(2) Formation of this table owes
much to discussions with Professor Ofelia Garefa.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
