**Note: For my other thoughts on the end of Lee’s Orientals, go here!**
One of the reoccurring themes throughout the end readings in Lee’s Orientals, the 1988 documentary Slaying the Dragon, and 1993 film Joy Luck Club was the theme of opportunity. There are the opportunities perceived to be had in America, influencing immigration, as well as the opportunities that existed and were created by the Asian immigrant and Asian American community. But even the triumphant success of creating new opportunities in a past time can now be looked at with a more critical lens. Because the opportunities now have grown and because the relationship between Asian Americans and representation has changed (albeit, arguably not enough) we look at the past through eyes that have only known the future.For example, when there were no other starring roles for Asian American women it would be an achievement to play a role that, in hindsight, was problematic and stereotypes Asian women. We saw this through Nany Kwan’s characters Suzie Wong in The World of Suzie Wong and Linda Low in Flower Drum Song. Both of these characters were discussed and analyzed as negative representation these roles created in Orientals as well as Slaying the Dragon. However, in Slaying the Dragon Nancy Kwan speaks out about how there were no other starring roles for her as an Asian American actress; her defense comes from the success of any representation. With this in mind, it is important to consider how activism changes for the time and when creating a relationship between theory and history to balance our modern, critical lens and our understand-of-the-past lens.
Another theme that I found was that of requiring a white person in a film as the lead so the “audience can identify with them [the white lead]“. (This was influenced by the reference to Farewell to Manzanar.) This is very telling about who movies are made for– if the audience needs someone to relate to and that relatable person must be white, then who is assumed to be the audience? Who is it meant to be consumed by?
This reminded me of a current, popular series that has been released through on Netflix’s original network, Orange is the New Black. For those who are unfamiliar, here is the description of the show from Netflix:
“From the creator of “Weeds” comes a heartbreaking and hilarious new series set in a women’s prison. Piper Chapman’s wild past comes back to haunt her, resulting in her arrest and detention in a federal penitentiary. To pay her debt to society, Piper trades her comfortable New York life for an orange prison jumpsuit and finds unexpected conflict and camaraderie amidst an eccentric group of inmates.”
What this description does not reveal is that the majority of “eccentric inmates” are Women of Color. The creator, Jenji Kohan, talks a little about why she uses white Piper Chapman as the focal point of the show:
“In a lot of ways Piper was my Trojan Horse. You’re not going to go into a network and sell a show on really fascinating tales of black women, and Latina women, and old women and criminals. But if you take this white girl, this sort of fish out of water, and you follow her in, you can then expand your world and tell all of those other stories. But it’s a hard sell to just go in and try to sell those stories initially. The girl next door, the cool blonde, is a very easy access point, and it’s relatable for a lot of audiences and a lot of networks looking for a certain demographic. It’s useful.”
The importance of this quote is that it allows us to see how those who are making the popular shows feel: they can sell a stereotype or a body but without a white vehicle, they cannot sell a voice.
I thought of Joy Luck Club as a good example of allowing Women of Color to use their own voice in telling their stories and a good example of differing opportunities. It also showed us a brief example of the influence that Sayonara and Flower Drum Song had and have on both the western lens of Asian American women and the internalized feelings Asian American women have of themselves. In the beginning, during the piano receital scene, there is a brief clip where another young girl is singing “I Enjoy Being A Girl” from Flower Drum Song (a scene shown more than once in Slaying the Dragon). The Asian/ Asian American casting of the main women (while not all Chinese) allowed for us to look at a certain kind of representation, the influence of other representations, and the total possibility to have an all Asian leading cast to tell a beautiful, heartbreaking story.
Also, fun fact: Nancy Kwan is said to have “replaced” France Nuyen (Ying Ying in Joy Luck Club) in the film The Life of Suzie Wong. I fond this to be interesting because it shows us the “small world” of Asian American roles and actresses/actors.